Raymond Miltenberger, PhD, has compiled a list of seven steps So it is with a token economy – like adults, children will repeat reinforced behaviors to obtain a cumulative reward. It isn't pieces of funny, green paper or numbers in a bank account one really wants (after all, you can't actually eat money or drive it to the beach) it is what the money can buy – a nice car, entertainment, comfort, enjoyment. Sounds a bit like working to earn money, doesn't it? It is indeed. ![]() Tokens are merely a "marker" or reminder of success, and the more you collect, the greater or more desirable are the choices. The tokens, in and of themselves, have no intrinsic value their importance rests purely in what can eventually be obtained by collecting and exchanging them. The desire for tokens is a learned association. Token economies offer consistent reminders of goals obtained and the promise of a cumulative and high-value reward. However, you don't need a PhD in behaviorism to use a token economy these techniques work equally well at home, or in the classroom. Token economies have been used for quite some time in mental health facilities doctors and staff utilize token economies to control many aspects of patient behavior, from basic hygiene behaviors (brushing teeth, wearing clean clothes, using the toilet), to more complex behaviors, such as temper control and interpersonal interactions. Token economy systems are used in a number of settings, including penal institutions, addiction treatment facilities, care centers, and group homes. ![]() ![]() Tokens are provided immediately following display of the desired behavior, and are collected and eventually exchanged for a reward, such as desired objects or privileges. The Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders defines a token economy as a behavior modification system that utilizes some form of token to encourage the increase of desirable behavior, and the decrease of undesirable behavior. One tangible, excellent way to encourage appropriate student behavior is by implementing a token economy. Teachers face many challenges in the modern classroom – electronic distractions, too high of a student-teacher ratio, inattentive or disruptive students.
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